Understanding Different Application Types in the US

When it comes to applying to colleges in the United States, there are several types of applications available. Each type has its own deadlines and commitments, so it’s important to understand what each one entails. Here, we’ll break down the main types of college applications to help students and their parents navigate this crucial phase.

Rolling Admissions

Rolling admissions allow students to apply at any time within a given window. There’s no specific deadline, and the college reviews applications as they arrive. Decisions are made on a rolling basis, usually within a few weeks. This can be a great option if you want to get your application out early and potentially receive an acceptance letter sooner rather than later. Some students use a rolling admissions application as an initial test of the level of risk they are taking with their applications. In other words, if a student anticipates being admitted at a rolling school and then gets denied, it’s time to have a hard look at the rest of the list of applications and think carefully to make sure you have enough range to ensure some offers of admission. My only additional comment would be to ensure that if a student does apply to a rolling admissions school, that it’s actually a school the student has interest in, and not just a random application to test risk.

Early Decision I (ED I)

The Early Decision I (ED I) application has a deadline of November 1. This option is binding, meaning if you are accepted, you are committed to attending that school. You can only submit one ED I application. If you are denied or deferred, you are free from the ED contract and can apply to another school ED II later on, if you wish. ED I is ideal for students who have a clear first-choice school and are confident they meet the admissions criteria. It is true that schools that offer ED I and II will typically admit a higher percentage of students via ED vs. RD, but students need to ensure they are a match for the school – both academically and otherwise before proceeding. As I always tell my students, applying ED to a school is the academic equivalent of getting married, so you’ve got to be sure that this is the school for you!

Early Decision II (ED II)

Early Decision II (ED II) has a later deadline, typically January 1. This is also a binding option, so if you are accepted, you must attend that school. Like ED I, you can only submit one ED II application. ED II is a good choice if you missed the ED I deadline or if you didn’t get into your first-choice school through ED I but have another strong preference. As with ED I, be sure that this is a school you truly believe is a great fit for you.

Early Action (EA)

Early Action (EA) applications are due on November 1 as well, but unlike ED, EA is non-binding. This means you are not obligated to attend if accepted. You can apply EA to multiple schools, which gives you more flexibility. EA is a great option if you want to demonstrate strong interest in one or more schools, but aren’t ready to commit to just one.

Regular Decision (RD)

Regular Decision (RD) applications are usually due on January 1. This is the most common application type. It’s a good choice if you need more time to decide where to apply or if you want to showcase your achievements from the first semester of your senior year. RD offers the most flexibility, allowing you to apply to multiple schools without any binding commitments.

Restrictive Early Action (REA)

Restrictive Early Action (REA), also known as Single-Choice Early Action, has a deadline of November 1. This non-binding option allows you to apply early, but you can only apply REA to one private school, namely Princeton, Harvard, Yale, Georgetown, CalTech, Notre Dame, and Stanford, which all use REA. Along with an REA application, you can also apply EA to public schools if you wish, but other conditions apply, such as not being allowed to apply ED I elsewhere. Because of its restrictions, it’s crucial to check each school’s website for specific rules and make sure you’re making the right decision.

Which Application Type Is Right for You?

• ED I: Ideal if you are committed to a school and want to show the strongest possible interest. Make sure you are a good fit academically and socially.
• ED II: Suitable if you missed ED I or didn’t get into your first-choice school, but have a strong preference for another school.
• EA: Best if you have strong interest but want to keep your options open. You can apply to multiple schools.
• RD: Perfect if you need more time to decide or want to apply to a range of schools without any early commitments.
• REA: Great if you are very committed to one of the few schools that offer this option and want to show strong interest without a binding commitment.

Do Your Own Research

The most important thing to remember is that application deadlines and policies can change. Always check the official websites of the colleges you’re interested in to get the most up-to-date information. Doing your own research ensures you’re making informed decisions and meeting all necessary deadlines.
Navigating the college application process can be challenging, but understanding the different application types can help you make the best choices for your future. Good luck!